Chapter 6 Applications of Linear Second Order Equations

6.1 Spring Problems I

  1. 1

    \(y=\dst{3 \cos4\sqrt{6}t-{1\over2\sqrt{6}} \sin 4\sqrt{6} t}\) ft

  2. 2

    \(y=\dst{ -{1\over4}\cos8\sqrt{5}t-{1\over 4\sqrt{5}}\sin8\sqrt{5}t}\) ft

  3. 3

    \(y=1.5\cos14\sqrt{10}t\) cm

  4. 4

    \(y=\dst{{1\over4}\cos8t-{1\over16}\sin8t}\) ft;  \(R=\dst{\sqrt{17}\over16}\) ft;  \(\omega_0=8\) rad/s;  \(T=\pi/4\) s;

         \(\phi\approx-.245\mbox{ rad}\approx -14.04^\circ\);

  5. 5

    \(y=\dst{10\cos14t+{25\over14}\sin14t}\) cm;  \(R=\dst{5\over14}\sqrt{809}\) cm;  \(\omega_0=14\) rad/s; \(T=\pi/7\) s; 

         \(\phi\approx.177\) rad \(\approx 10.12^\circ\)

  6. 6

    \(y=\dst{-{1\over4}\cos\sqrt{70}\; t+{2 \over\sqrt{70}}\sin\sqrt{70}\; t}\) m;  \(R= \dst{{1\over4}\sqrt{67\over 35}}\) m  \(\omega_0=\sqrt{70}\) rad/s;

         \(T=2\pi/\sqrt{70}\) s;  \(\phi\approx 2.38\mbox{ rad}\approx 136.28^\circ\)

  7. 7

    \(y=\dst{{2\over 3}\cos16t-{1\over4}\sin16t\mbox{ ft}}\)

  8. 8

    \(y=\dst{{1\over2}\cos8t-{3\over8}\sin8t}\) ft

  9. 9

    \(.72\mbox{ m}\)

  10. 10

    \(y=\dst{{1\over 3}\sin t +{1\over2}\cos2t+{5\over6}\sin2t}\) ft

  11. 11

    \(y=\dst{{16\over5}\left(4\sin {t\over4}-\sin t\right)}\)

  12. 12

    \(y=\dst{-{1\over16} \sin8t+{1\over 3}\cos4\sqrt2 t -{1\over8\sqrt2 }\sin4\sqrt2 t}\)

  13. 13

    \(y=\dst{-t\cos8t-{1\over6}\cos8t+{1\over8} \sin8t}\) ft

  14. 14

    \(T=4\sqrt{2}\) s

  15. 15

    \(\omega=8\) rad/s \(y=-\dst{{t\over 16}(-\cos8t+2\sin 8t)+{1\over128}\sin 8t}\) ft

  16. 16

    \(\dst{\omega=4\sqrt6\mbox{ rad/s}; \quad y=-{t\over \sqrt{6}}\left[{8\over 3}\cos4\sqrt{6}t+4\sin 4\sqrt{6}t\right]+{1\over9}\sin 4\sqrt{6} t}\) ft

  17. 17

    \(y=\dst{{t\over2}\cos2t-{t\over4}\sin2t+3\cos2t+2\sin2t}\) m

  18. 18

    \(y=\dst{y_0\cos\omega_0 t+{v_0\over\omega_0}\sin\omega_0t;\; R={1\over\omega_0} \sqrt{(\omega_0y_0)^2+(v_0)^2}}\); 

         \(\cos\phi=\dst{y_0\omega_0\over \sqrt{(\omega_0y_0)^2+(v_0)^2}}\);  \(\sin\phi=\dst{v_0\over \sqrt{(\omega_0y_0)^2+(v_0)^2}}\)

  19. 19

    The object with the longer period weighs four times as much as the other.

  20. 20

    \(T_2=\sqrt{2}T_1\), where \(T_1\) is the period of the smaller object.

  21. 21

    \(k_1=9k_2\), where \(k_1\) is the spring constant of the system with the shorter period.

6.2 Spring Problems II

  1. 1

    \(y=\dst{{e^{-2t}\over2}(3\cos2t-\sin2t)\mbox{ ft}; \; \sqrt{{5\over2}} e^{-2t}}\) ft

  2. 2

    \(y=\dst{-e^{-t}\left(3\cos3t+{1\over3}\sin 3t\right)\mbox{ ft}\; {\sqrt{82}\over3}e^{-t}}\) ft

  3. 3

    \(y=\dst{e^{-16t}\left({1\over4}+10t\right)}\) ft

  4. 4

    \(y=\dst{-{e^{-3t}\over4}(5\cos t+63\sin t)}\) ft

  5. 5

    \(0\le c<8\) lb-sec/ft

  6. 6

    \(y=\dst{{1\over2}e^{-3t}\left(\cos\sqrt{91}t+{11\over \sqrt{91}}\sin\sqrt{91}t\right)}\) ft

  7. 7

    \(y=-\dst{{e^{-4t}\over3} (2+8t)}\) ft

  8. 8

    \(y=\dst{e^{-10t}\left(9\cos4\sqrt{6}t+{45\over 2\sqrt{6}}\sin4\sqrt{6} t\right)}\) cm

  9. 9

    \(\dst{y=e^{-3t/2}\left({3\over2}\cos {\sqrt{41}\over2}t +{9\over2\sqrt{41}}\sin{\sqrt{41}\over2}t\right)}\) ft

  10. 10

    \(y=\dst{e^{-{3\over2}t}\left({1\over2}\cos {\sqrt{119}\over2} t-{9\over2\sqrt{119}}\sin{\sqrt{119}\over2}t\right)}\) ft

  11. 11

    \(\dst{y=e^{-8t}\left({1\over4}\cos8\sqrt{2}t-{1 \over4\sqrt{2}}\sin8\sqrt{2}t\right)}\) ft

  12. 12

    \(\dst{y=e^{-t}\left(-{1\over3}\cos3\sqrt{11} t+ {14\over9\sqrt{11}}\sin3\sqrt{11}t\right)}\) ft

  13. 13

    \(\dst{y_p={22\over61}\cos2t+{2\over61}\sin2t}\) ft

  14. 14

    \(y=-\dst{2\over3}(e^{-8t}-2e^{-4t})\)

  15. 15

    \(y=\dst{e^{-2t}\left({1\over10}\cos 4t-{1\over5}\sin4t\right)}\) m

  16. 16

    \(y=e^{-3t}(10\cos t-70\sin t)\) cm

  17. 17

    \(\dst{y_p=-{2\over15}\cos3t+{1\over15}\sin3t}\) ft

  18. 18

    \(y_p=\dst{{11\over100}\cos4t+{27\over100}\sin4t}\) cm

  19. 19

    \(\dst{y_p={42\over73}\cos t+{39\over73}\sin t}\) ft

  20. 20

    \(y=\dst{-{1\over2}\cos2t+{1\over4}\sin2t}\) m

  21. 21

    \(\dst{y_p={1\over c\omega_0}(-\beta\cos\omega_0t+ \alpha\sin\omega_0t)}\)

  22. 24

    \(y=\dst{e^{-ct/2m} \left(y_0\cos\omega_1t+{1\over\omega_1}(v_0+{cy_0\over 2m})\sin\omega_1t\right)}\)

  23. 25

    \(y=\dst{{r_2y_0-v_0\over r_2-r_1} e^{r_1t}+{v_0-r_1y_0\over r_2-r_1}e^{r_2t}}\)

  24. 26

    \(y=e^{r_1t}\dst{\left(y_0+(v_0-r_1y_0)t\right)}\)

6.3 The $RLC$ Circuit

  1. 1

    \(I=e^{-15t}\dst{\left(2\cos5\sqrt{15}t- {6\over\sqrt{31}}\sin5\sqrt{31}t\right)}\)

  2. 2

    \(I=e^{-20t}(2\cos40t-101\sin40t)\)

  3. 3

    \(I=-\dst{200\over3}e^{-10t}\sin30t\)

  4. 4

    \(I=-10e^{-30t}(\cos40t+18\sin40t)\)

  5. 5

    \(I=-e^{-40t}(2\cos30t-86\sin30t)\)

  6. 6

    \(I_p=\dst-{1\over3}(\cos10t+2\sin10t)\)

  7. 7

    \(I_p=\dst{20\over37}(\cos25t-6\sin25t)\)

  8. 8

    \(I_p= \dst{3\over13}(8\cos50t-\sin50t)\)

  9. 9

    \(I_p=\dst{20\over123}(17\sin100t-11\cos100t)\)

  10. 10

    \(I_p=-\dst{45\over52}(\cos30t+8\sin30t)\)

  11. 12

    \(\omega_0=1/\sqrt{LC}\)   maximum amplitude \(=\sqrt{U^2+V^2}/R\)

6.4 Motion Under a Central Force

  1. 1

    If \(e=1\), then \(Y^2=\rho(\rho-2X)\); if \(e\ne1\) \(\dst{\left(X+{e\rho\over1-e^2}\right)^2}+\dst{Y^2\over1-e^2}= \dst{\rho^2\over(1-e^2)^2}\) if ;

    \(e<1\) let \(X_0=-\dst{e\rho\over1-e^2}\), \(a=\dst{\rho\over1-e^2}\), \(b=\dst{\rho\over\sqrt{1-e^2}}\).

  2. 2

    Let \(h=r_0^2\theta_0'\); then \(\rho=\dst{h^2\over k}\),  \(e=\dst{\left[\left({\rho\over r_0}-1\right)^2+\left(\rho r_0'\over h\right)^2\right]^{1/2}}\). If \(e=0\), then

    \( \theta_0\) is undefined, but also irrelevant if \(e\ne0\) then \(\phi=\theta_0-\alpha\), where \(-\pi\le\alpha<\pi\), \(\cos\alpha=\dst{{1\over e}\left({\rho\over r_0}-1\right)}\) and \(\sin\alpha=\dst{\rho r_0'\over eh}\).

  3. 3

    (a) \(e=\dst{\gamma_2-\gamma_1\over\gamma_1+\gamma_2}\) (b) \(r_0=R\gamma_1\),  \(r_0'=0\),  \(\theta_0\) arbitrary,  \(\theta_0'=\dst{\left[2g\gamma_2\over R\gamma_1^3(\gamma_1+\gamma_2)\right]^{1/2}}\)

  4. 4

    \(f(r)=-mh^2\dst\left({6c\over r^4}+{1\over r^3}\right)\)

  5. 5

    \(f(r)=-\dst{mh^2(\gamma^2+1)\over r^3}\)

  6. 6

    (a) \(\dst{d^2u\over d\theta^2}+\left(1-{k\over h^2}\right)u=0,\; u(\theta_0)=\dst{1\over r_0},\; \dst{du(\theta_0)\over d\theta}=-\dst{r_0'\over h}\). (b) with \(\gamma=\)

    \(\left|1-\dst{k\over h^2}\right|^{1/2}\): (i) \(r=r_0\left( \cosh\gamma(\theta-\theta_0)-\dst{r_0r_0'\over\gamma h}\sinh\gamma(\theta-\theta_0)\right)^{-1}\) (ii) \(r=r_0\left(1 -\dst{r_0r_0'\over h}(\theta-\theta_0)\right)^{-1}\); (iii) \(r=r_0\left( \cos\gamma(\theta-\theta_0)-\dst{r_0r_0'\over\gamma h}\sin\gamma(\theta-\theta_0)\right)^{-1}\)