B. A Table of the Elements - Atomic Physics for Everyone

B. A Table of the Elements¶

Below is a list of all of the known elements sorted by the number of protons in the nucleus (Z). The last column lists the mass number (A) for all of the stable isotopes. For example, the stable isotope magnesium-25 has 12 protons and 13 neutrons for a total of 25 nucleons.

Z	Name	Symbol	Ground state electron configuration	Mass number for stable isotopes
1	Hydrogen	H	$1\text{s}~{ }^{2}S_{1/2}$	1, 2
2	Helium	He	1s ${ }^2~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	3, 4
3	Lithium	Li	[He]2s ${ }^{2}S_{1/2}$	6, 7
4	Beryllium	Be	[He]2s ${ }^2~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	9
5	Boron	B	[He]2s ${ }^2$ 2p ${ }^1~{ }^{2}P_{1/2}$	10, 11
6	Carbon	C	[He]2s ${ }^2$ 2p ${ }^2~{ }^{3}P_{0}$	12, 13
7	Nitrogen	N	[He]2s ${ }^2$ 2p ${ }^3~{ }^{4}S_{3/2}$	14, 15
8	Oxygen	O	[He]2s ${ }^2$ 2p ${ }^4~{ }^{3}P_{2}$	16, 17, 18
9	Fluorine	F	[He]2s ${ }^2$ 2p ${ }^5~{ }^{2}P_{3/2}$	19
10	Neon	Ne	[He]2s ${ }^2$ 2p ${ }^6~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	20, 21, 22
11	Sodium	Na	[Ne]3s ${ }^1~{ }^{2}S_{1/2}$	23
12	Magnesium	Mg	[Ne]3s ${ }^2~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	24, 25, 26
13	Aluminium	Al	[Ne]3s ${ }^2$ 3p ${ }^1~{ }^{2}P_{1/2}$	27
14	Silicon	Si	[Ne]3s ${ }^2$ 3p ${ }^2~{ }^{3}P_{0}$	28, 29, 30
15	Phosphorus	P	[Ne]3s ${ }^2$ 3p ${ }^3~{ }^{4}S_{3/2}$	31
16	Sulfur	S	[Ne]3s ${ }^2$ 3p ${ }^4~{ }^{3}P_{2}$	32, 33, 34, 36
17	Chlorine	Cl	[Ne]3s ${ }^2$ 3p ${ }^5~{ }^{2}P_{3/2}$	35, 37
18	Argon	Ar	[Ne]3s ${ }^2$ 3p ${ }^6~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	36, 38, 40
19	Potassium	K	[Ar]4s ${ }^1~{ }^{2}S_{1/2}$	39, 40, 41
20	Calcium	Ca	[Ar]4s ${ }^2~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48
21	Scandium	Sc	[Ar]3d ${ }^1$ 4s ${ }^2~{ }^{2}D_{3/2}$	45
22	Titanium	Ti	[Ar]3d ${ }^2$ 4s ${ }^2~{ }^{3}F_{2}$	46, 47, 48, 49, 50
23	Vanadium	V	[Ar]3d ${ }^3$ 4s ${ }^2~{ }^{4}F_{3/2}$	50, 51
24	Chromium	Cr	[Ar]3d ${ }^5$ 4s ${ }^1~{ }^{7}S_{3}$	50, 52, 53, 54
25	Manganese	Mn	[Ar]3d ${ }^5$ 4s ${ }^2~{ }^{6}S_{5/2}$	55
26	Iron	Fe	[Ar]3d ${ }^6$ 4s ${ }^2~{ }^{5}D_{4}$	54, 56, 57, 58
27	Cobalt	Co	[Ar]3d ${ }^7$ 4s ${ }^2~{ }^{4}F_{9/2}$	59
28	Nickel	Ni	[Ar]3d ${ }^8$ 4s ${ }^2~{ }^{3}F_{4}$	58, 60, 61, 62, 64
29	Copper	Cu	[Ar]3d ${ }^{10}$ 4s ${ }^1~{ }^{2}S_{1/2}$	63, 65
30	Zinc	Zn	[Ar]3d ${ }^{10}$ 4s ${ }^2~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	64, 66, 67, 68, 70
31	Gallium	Ga	[Ar]3d ${ }^{10}$ 4s ${ }^2$ 4p ${ }^1~{ }^{2}P_{1/2}$	69, 71
32	Germanium	Ge	[Ar]3d ${ }^{10}$ 4s ${ }^2$ 4p ${ }^2~{ }^{3}P_{0}$	70, 72, 73, 74, 76
33	Arsenic	As	[Ar]3d ${ }^{10}$ 4s ${ }^2$ 4p ${ }^3~{ }^{4}S_{3/2}$	75
34	Selenium	Se	[Ar]3d ${ }^{10}$ 4s ${ }^2$ 4p ${ }^4~{ }^{3}P_{2}$	74, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82
35	Bromine	Br	[Ar]3d ${ }^{10}$ 4s ${ }^2$ 4p ${ }^5~{ }^{2}P_{3/2}$	79, 81
36	Krypton	Kr	[Ar]3d ${ }^{10}$ 4s ${ }^2$ 4p ${ }^6~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 86
37	Rubidium	Rb	[Kr]5s ${ }^1~{ }^{2}S_{1/2}$	85, 87
38	Strontium	Sr	[Kr]5s ${ }^2~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	84, 86, 87, 88
39	Yttrium	Y	[Kr]4d ${ }^1$ 5s ${ }^2~{ }^{2}D_{3/2}$	89
40	Zirconium	Zr	[Kr]4d ${ }^2$ 5s ${ }^2~{ }^{3}F_{2}$	90, 91, 92, 94, 96
41	Niobium	Nb	[Kr]4d ${ }^4$ 5s ${ }^1~{ }^{6}D_{1/2}$	93
42	Molybdenum	Mo	[Kr]4d ${ }^5$ 5s ${ }^1~{ }^{7}S_{3}$	92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98
43	Technetium	Tc	[Kr]4d ${ }^5$ 5s ${ }^2~{ }^{6}S_{5/2}$	N/A
44	Ruthenium	Ru	[Kr]4d ${ }^7$ 5s ${ }^1~{ }^{5}F_{5}$	96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104
45	Rhodium	Rh	[Kr]4d ${ }^8$ 5s ${ }^1~{ }^{4}F_{9/2}$	103
46	Palladium	Pd	[Kr]4d ${ }^{10}~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	102, 104, 105, 106, 108, 110
47	Silver	Ag	[Kr]4d ${ }^{10}$ 5s ${ }^1~{ }^{2}S_{1/2}$	107, 109
48	Cadmium	Cd	[Kr]4d ${ }^{10}$ 5s ${ }^2~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	106, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116
49	Indium	In	[Kr]4d ${ }^{10}$ 5s ${ }^2$ 5p ${ }^1~{ }^{2}P_{1/2}$	113, 115
50	Tin	Sn	[Kr]4d ${ }^{10}$ 5s ${ }^2$ 5p ${ }^2~{ }^{3}P_{0}$	112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 124
51	Antimony	Sb	[Kr]4d ${ }^{10}$ 5s ${ }^2$ 5p ${ }^3~{ }^{4}S_{3/2}$	121, 123
52	Tellurium	Te	[Kr]4d ${ }^{10}$ 5s ${ }^2$ 5p ${ }^4~{ }^{3}P_{2}$	120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 130
53	Iodine	I	[Kr]4d ${ }^{10}$ 5s ${ }^2$ 5p ${ }^5~{ }^{2}P_{3/2}$	127
54	Xenon	Xe	[Kr]4d ${ }^{10}$ 5s ${ }^2$ 5p ${ }^6~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	124, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 136
55	Cesium	Cs	[Xe]6s ${ }^1~{ }^{2}S_{1/2}$	133
56	Barium	Ba	[Xe]6s ${ }^2~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	130, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138
57	Lanthanum	La	[Xe]5d ${ }^1$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{2}D_{3/2}$	138, 139
58	Cerium	Ce	[Xe]4f ${ }^1$ 5d ${ }^1$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{1}G_{4}$	136, 138, 140, 142
59	Praseodymium	Pr	[Xe]4f ${ }^3$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{4}I_{9/2}$	141
60	Neodymium	Nd	[Xe]4f ${ }^4$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{5}I_{4}$	142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 150
61	Promethium	Pm	[Xe]4f ${ }^5$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{6}H_{5/2}$	N/A
62	Samarium	Sm	[Xe]4f ${ }^6$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{7}F_{0}$	144, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 154
63	Europium	Eu	[Xe]4f ${ }^7$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{8}S_{7/2}$	151, 153
64	Gadolinium	Gd	[Xe]4f ${ }^7$ 5d ${ }^1$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{9}D_{2}$	152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160
65	Terbium	Tb	[Xe]4f ${ }^9$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{6}H_{15/2}$	159
66	Dysprosium	Dy	[Xe]4f ${ }^{10}$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{5}I_{8}$	156, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164
67	Holmium	Ho	[Xe]4f ${ }^{11}$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{4}I_{15/2}$	165
68	Erbium	Er	[Xe]4f ${ }^{12}$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{3}H_{6}$	162, 164, 166, 167, 168, 170
69	Thulium	Tm	[Xe]4f ${ }^{13}$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{2}F_{7/2}$	169
70	Ytterbium	Yb	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176
71	Lutetium	Lu	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^1$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{2}D_{3/2}$	175, 176
72	Hafnium	Hf	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^2$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{3}F_{2}$	174, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180
73	Tantalum	Ta	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^3$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{4}F_{3/2}$	180, 181
74	Tungsten	W	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^4$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{5}D_{0}$	182, 183, 184, 186
75	Rhenium	Re	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^5$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{6}S_{5/2}$	185, 187
76	Osmium	Os	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^6$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{5}D_{4}$	184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192
77	Iridium	Ir	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^7$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{4}F_{9/2}$	191, 193
78	Platinum	Pt	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^9$ 6s ${ }^1~{ }^{3}D_{3}$	190, 192, 194, 195, 196, 198
79	Gold	Au	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^{10}$ 6s ${ }^1~{ }^{2}S_{1/2}$	197
80	Mercury	Hg	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^{10}$ 6s ${ }^2~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	196, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204
81	Thallium	Tl	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^{10}$ 6s ${ }^2$ 6p ${ }^1~{ }^{2}P_{1/2}$	203, 205
82	Lead	Pb	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^{10}$ 6s ${ }^2$ 6p ${ }^2~{ }^{3}P_{0}$	204, 206, 207, 208
83	Bismuth	Bi	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^{10}$ 6s ${ }^2$ 6p ${ }^3~{ }^{4}S_{3/2}$	209
84	Polonium	Po	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^{10}$ 6s ${ }^2$ 6p ${ }^4~{ }^{3}P_{2}$	N/A
85	Astatine	At	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^{10}$ 6s ${ }^2$ 6p ${ }^5~{ }^{2}P_{3/2}$	N/A
86	Radon	Rn	[Xe]4f ${ }^{14}$ 5d ${ }^{10}$ 6s ${ }^2$ 6p ${ }^6~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	N/A
87	Francium	Fr	[Rn]7s ${ }^1~{ }^{2}S_{1/2}$	N/A
88	Radium	Ra	[Rn]7s ${ }^2~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	N/A
89	Actinium	Ac	[Rn]6d ${ }^1$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{2}D_{3/2}$	N/A
90	Thorium	Th	[Rn]6d ${ }^2$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{3}F_{2}$	232
91	Protactinium	Pa	[Rn]5f ${ }^2$ 6d ${ }^1$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{4}K_{11/2}$	231
92	Uranium	U	[Rn]5f ${ }^3$ 6d ${ }^1$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{5}L_{6}$	234, 235, 238
93	Neptunium	Np	[Rn]5f ${ }^4$ 6d ${ }^1$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{6}L_{11/2}$	N/A
94	Plutonium	Pu	[Rn]5f ${ }^6$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{7}F_{0}$	N/A
95	Americium	Am	[Rn]5f ${ }^7$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{8}S_{7/2}$	N/A
96	Curium	Cm	[Rn]5f ${ }^7$ 6d ${ }^1$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{9}D_{2}$	N/A
97	Berkelium	Bk	[Rn]5f ${ }^9$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{6}H_{15/2}$	N/A
98	Californium	Cf	[Rn]5f ${ }^{10}$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{5}I_{8}$	N/A
99	Einsteinium	Es	[Rn]5f ${ }^{11}$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{4}I_{15/2}$	N/A
100	Fermium	Fm	[Rn]5f ${ }^{12}$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{3}H_{6}$	N/A
101	Mendelevium	Md	[Rn]5f ${ }^{13}$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{2}F_{7/2}$	N/A
102	Nobelium	No	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	N/A
103	Lawrencium	Lr	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 7s ${ }^2$ 7p ${ }^1~{ }^{2}P_{1/2}$	N/A
104	Rutherfordium	Rf	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^2$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{3}F_{2}$	N/A
105	Dubnium	Db	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^3$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{4}F_{3/2}$	N/A
106	Seaborgium	Sg	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^4$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{5}D_{0}$	N/A
107	Bohrium	Bh	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^5$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{6}S_{5/2}$	N/A
108	Hassium	Hs	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^6$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{5}D_{4}$	N/A
109	Meitnerium	Mt	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^7$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{4}F_{9/2}$	N/A
110	Darmstadtium	Ds	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^9$ 7s ${ }^1~{ }^{3}D_{3}$	N/A
111	Roentgenium	Rg	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^{10}$ 7s ${ }^1~{ }^{2}S_{1/2}$	N/A
112	Copernicium	Cn	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^{10}$ 7s ${ }^2~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	N/A
113	Nihonium	Nh	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^{10}$ 7s ${ }^2$ 7p ${ }^1~{ }^{2}P_{1/2}$	N/A
114	Flerovium	Fl	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^{10}$ 7s ${ }^2$ 7p ${ }^2~{ }^{3}P_{0}$	N/A
115	Moscovium	Mc	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^{10}$ 7s ${ }^2$ 7p ${ }^3~{ }^{4}S_{3/2}$	N/A
116	Livermorium	Lv	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^{10}$ 7s ${ }^2$ 7p ${ }^4~{ }^{3}P_{2}$	N/A
117	Tennessine	Ts	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^{10}$ 7s ${ }^2$ 7p ${ }^5~{ }^{2}P_{3/2}$	N/A
118	Oganesson	Og	[Rn]5f ${ }^{14}$ 6d ${ }^{10}$ 7s ${ }^2$ 7p ${ }^6~{ }^{1}S_{0}$	N/A